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What is Bone? Explain the Classification of bone.

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What is BONE? Bone is a rigid, highly vascular, dynamic, constantly changing, mineralized connective tissue. It gives characteristic form to the human body. It also gives support to human body. Classification Of Bones: Bones can be classified as following: Developmental Classification Structural Classification Regional Classification According to size and shape. Developmental Classification: This classification includes 3 types: Intramembranous:  In this type the embryonic mesenchyme directly differentiate into bony tissues. It usually occurs in embryo. The characteristic of this type of bone formation is its rapidity of formation, e.g., Bones of the vault of the skull Bones of the face Clavicle. Intracartilagenous:   In it, firstly cartilagenous model of bone is formed which later on transforms into bony tissues. For example, All long bones of the body except clavicle Short bone Irregular bones Membrano-cartilagenous:  At the junction of vault and base of skull the bone...
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Write a note on Joints. Explain the Classification of joints?

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  JOINTS: Joints are defined as, When two or more bones or cartilages come in contact with each other an articulation or joint is formed. The study of joints is known as Arthrology . Classification Of Joints: The joints are classified into following: Fibrous joints Cartilaginous Joints Synovial Joints 1. Fibrous Joints:   They are fixed, immoveable joints. In Fibrous joints, the union is due to dense fibrous tissue and mainly limited to the skull. They are furthur divided into three major groups: Sutures Gombhosis Syndesmosis Sutures:  These are the joints of skull bones. They are immoveable and fixed. These are the sites of active bone growth. There are following types of sutures: Serrate Sutures ( Saw-like, Sagittal sutures between two parietal bone) Denticulate Sutures ( Tooth-like, lambdoid suture between parietal and occipital bone) Squamous Sutures ( Overlap bones, Temporo-parietal suture ) Limbous Sutures ( Serrated or ridged,  Temporo-parietal suture) Plane...
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Define Range of motion. Write down the types and normal Ranges of motion.

  Range OF Motion: It is defined as, the full motion which is possible to perform is called ROM.  It is a basic technique used for the examination of movement and for initiating movement into a program of therapeutic intervention.  Active Insufficiency: When a two-joint muscles functioning at elbow is the biceps brachii muscle, if it contracts and moves the elbow into flexion and the forearm into supination while simultaneously moving the shoulder into flexion, it shortens to a point. Passive Insufficiency: The muscle is lengthened full range by extending the elbow, pronating the forearm, and simultaneously extending the shoulder. Types Of ROM Exercises: Passive ROM Active ROM Active-Assistive ROM. Passive ROM: Passive ROM is movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an external force, there is little to no voluntary muscle contraction.  The external force may be give with a gravity, machine and other individual.  Indicatio...
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