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Explain Biopsychosocial model? Write down its clinical application.

  Health Care Models Bio-Psycho-Social model of health and disease The Integrated Model of health care The Public Health Care Model 1. Bio-Psycho-Social Model: In 1977, George Engel theorised the importance of integrating the traditional biological aspects of medicine with the behavioural sciences.  Engel's BPS model was based on three principles:   Disease is a result of multiple factors that interact to make an individual feel ill.   An individual that is composed of a complex , integrated system composed of interacting subsystem elements of mind, body and spirit.   Biological, Psychosocial, and social factors form a triad to interact and serve as determinants of disease. He proposed that the biological, psychological and social systems work together to cause disease. Biological System:   The biological system ensures a structural , biochemical and a molecular study of a disease. Psychological System:   The psychological system provides insi...
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What is Bone? Explain the Classification of bone.

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What is BONE? Bone is a rigid, highly vascular, dynamic, constantly changing, mineralized connective tissue. It gives characteristic form to the human body. It also gives support to human body. Classification Of Bones: Bones can be classified as following: Developmental Classification Structural Classification Regional Classification According to size and shape. Developmental Classification: This classification includes 3 types: Intramembranous:  In this type the embryonic mesenchyme directly differentiate into bony tissues. It usually occurs in embryo. The characteristic of this type of bone formation is its rapidity of formation, e.g., Bones of the vault of the skull Bones of the face Clavicle. Intracartilagenous:   In it, firstly cartilagenous model of bone is formed which later on transforms into bony tissues. For example, All long bones of the body except clavicle Short bone Irregular bones Membrano-cartilagenous:  At the junction of vault and base of skull the bone...
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Define Range of motion. Write down the types and normal Ranges of motion.

  Range OF Motion: It is defined as, the full motion which is possible to perform is called ROM.  It is a basic technique used for the examination of movement and for initiating movement into a program of therapeutic intervention.  Active Insufficiency: When a two-joint muscles functioning at elbow is the biceps brachii muscle, if it contracts and moves the elbow into flexion and the forearm into supination while simultaneously moving the shoulder into flexion, it shortens to a point. Passive Insufficiency: The muscle is lengthened full range by extending the elbow, pronating the forearm, and simultaneously extending the shoulder. Types Of ROM Exercises: Passive ROM Active ROM Active-Assistive ROM. Passive ROM: Passive ROM is movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an external force, there is little to no voluntary muscle contraction.  The external force may be give with a gravity, machine and other individual.  Indicatio...
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